1.
In the following sequence of reactions:

Toluene→KMnO4A→SOCl2B→H2/Pd, BaSO4C\text{Toluene} \xrightarrow{KMnO_4} A \xrightarrow{SOCl_2} B \xrightarrow{H_2/Pd,\ BaSO_4} C

The product C is: