1.
The stepwise stability constants of a complex are given below. What is its overall stability constant (β4\beta_4)?

M+L⇌ML\text{M} + \text{L} \rightleftharpoons \text{ML}; K1=1.0×104K_1 = 1.0 \times 10^4

ML+L⇌ML2\text{ML} + \text{L} \rightleftharpoons \text{ML}_2; K2=1.0×103K_2 = 1.0 \times 10^3

ML2+L⇌ML3\text{ML}_2 + \text{L} \rightleftharpoons \text{ML}_3; K3=1.0×103K_3 = 1.0 \times 10^3

ML3+L⇌ML4\text{ML}_3 + \text{L} \rightleftharpoons \text{ML}_4; K4=1.0×102K_4 = 1.0 \times 10^2

Overall reaction: M+4L⇌ML4\text{M} + 4\text{L} \rightleftharpoons \text{ML}_4