1.
In a potentiometer experiment to measure an unknown emf ε\varepsilon, the galvanometer deflection remains in the same direction as the jockey moves from end A to end B (no null point). Two possible faults are: (1) driver-cell emf E<εE < \varepsilon, and (2) galvanometer connected in reverse.

(a) If the galvanometer deflection is greater at B than at A, which fault is responsible?