1.
When a current of 4 A4\,\text{A} flows within a battery from its positive to negative terminal, the potential difference across the battery is 12 V12\,\text{V}. The potential difference across the battery is 9 V9\,\text{V} when a current of 2 A2\,\text{A} flows within it from its negative to its positive terminal. The internal resistance and the e.m.f. of the battery are: