1.
Let A={−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3}A = \{-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3\}. Let RR be a relation on AA defined by xRyxRy if and only if 0≤x2+2y≤40 \le x^2 + 2y \le 4. Let ℓ\ell be the number of elements in RR and mm be the minimum number of elements required to be added in RR to make it a reflexive relation. Then ℓ+m\ell + m is equal to