1.
Instructions (Assertion–Reason): Each question has STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT-2 (Reason). Choose the correct option:

(1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.

(2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1.

(3) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.

(4) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.

STATEMENT-1: Temperature coefficient of resistance is negative for p-type semiconductors, while it is positive for conductors.

STATEMENT-2: Effective charge carriers in conductors are negatively charged, whereas in p-type semiconductors they are positively charged.