1.
Let a,ba, b be the solutions of x2+px+1=0x^2 + px + 1 = 0 and c,dc, d be the solutions of x2+qx+1=0x^2 + qx + 1 = 0. If (a−c)(b−c)(a - c)(b - c) and (a+d)(b+d)(a + d)(b + d) are the solutions of x2+αx+β=0x^2 + \alpha x + \beta = 0, then β\beta is equal to