1.
For the potentiometer circuit used to measure an unknown emf ε\varepsilon, a student finds that as the jockey is moved from end A to end B of the wire, the galvanometer deflection remains in the same direction (no null point). Two possible faults are: (1) driver-cell emf E<εE < \varepsilon, and (2) the galvanometer is connected in reverse.

(a) If the deflection is greater at B than at A, which fault is responsible?