1.
In the same potentiometer setup (unknown emf ε\varepsilon; jockey moved from A to B with galvanometer deflection always in the same direction), the two candidate faults are: (1) E<εE < \varepsilon, and (2) galvanometer connected in reverse.

(b) If the galvanometer deflection is greater at A than at B (usual textbook pairing), which fault is responsible?