Let $R_1$ and $R_2$ be two relations defined as follows:
$R_1 = \{(a, b) \in \mathbb{R}^2 : a^2 + b^2 \in \mathbb{Q}\}$
$R_2 = \{(a, b) \in \mathbb{R}^2 : a^2 + b^2 \notin \mathbb{Q}\}$
where $\mathbb{Q}$ is the set of all rational numbers, then